Identity and Ethnic Conflict in Northeast India: A Historical and Comparative Approach

This research paper delves into the intricate dynamics of identity and ethnic conflict in Northeast India, a region characterized by its rich ethnic diversity and historical complexities. The study aims to understand the historical, political, and socio-economic factors contributing to these conflicts. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, the research draws on historical records and government reports from the National Archives of India, employing thematic analysis to identify key themes. The findings highlight the significant impact of colonial policies, such as the Inner Line Permit, and post-independence policies, like the States Reorganization Act, on the region's ethnic dynamics. The study reveals distinct conflict issues among major ethnic groups, including the Nagas, Bodos, Kukis, Mizos, and Assamese, driven by demands for autonomy, resource control, and identity preservation. Government policies, while aiming to protect tribal areas and promote regional development, often faced challenges in implementation, exacerbating tensions. The analysis also underscores the role of insurgent groups in prolonging conflicts and the critical impact of socio-economic disparities and migration on ethnic tensions. The research provides practical recommendations for inclusive governance, equitable economic development, peace education programs, and strengthening local institutions. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners working on conflict resolution and peacebuilding in multi-ethnic societies, emphasizing the need for comprehensive and context-specific approaches.