Potentiation with Overspeed for Jump Height Enhancement: An Analysis of Factors Distinguishing Responders from Non-Responders

(1) Background: This cross-over study aimed to assess the effectiveness of jump height (JH) enhancement after post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) protocol based on assisted band jumps and to determine factors distinguishing responders (RS) and non-responders (NRS) based on morphological and functional factors. (2) Methods: Ten males aged 20–23 years with relative strength in back squat 156 ± 14% body weight participated. The conditioning activity, based on three series of five repetitions of assisted jumps with a band (30% of body mass load reduction) with one minute rest between series, was introduced. (3) Results: The two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant interaction between effects (F = 7.78; p-eta = 0.30; p < 0.01). Comparison with the Bonferroni test showed that JH was higher than the baseline in the 3rd minute (p = 0.02; ES = 0.30) in the 6th (p < 0.01; ES = 0.39), and in the (9th p < 0.01; ES = 0.32) in an experimental condition. No factor statistically significantly distinguishes RS and NRS, but due to effect size (ES) relative strength (ES = −0.80), baseline jump ability (countermovement jump ES = −0.74; squat jump =−0.59), limb symmetry index (ES = −0.56) can be considered to contribute the most to positive effects. (4) Conclusions: The provided PAPE protocol is effective in enhancing JH but optimal rest should be established individually. Individuals characterized by greater muscular strength may benefit the most, but further consideration is needed.