P.A. Oyunsky’s Linguistic Concept as the Language Construction Fundamental Basis in Yakutia

Статья посвящена анализу лингвистической концепции П.А. Ойунского через призму ее истоков, основных принципов и положений, не утративших актуальности и в современных условиях. Материалом статьи послужили тексты выступлений П.А. Ойунского в средствах массовой информации, посвященные вопросам развития языка, а также текст его кандидатской диссертации, опубликованной в третьем томе избранных сочинений в 1993 г. Проанализированы его идеи по важнейшим вопросам языкового строительства ‒ графике, орфографии, терминологии. Лингвистическая концепция П.А. Ойунского и в наше время имеет действенную силу и требует осмысления применительно к решению важнейших задач языковой политики в республике. The scientific novelty of the study lies in an integrated approach using elements of historical review and methods of linguistic analysis in the study of P.A. Oyunsky’s conceptual ideas on the most important issues of language construction, proclaimed at the beginning of the 20th century. The goal of the authors of the article is an analytical understanding of these ideas in relation to the peculiarities of the functioning of the Yakut language as the state language in modern conditions. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved: a review of the socio-political situation in the republic in the 20-30s of the 20th century; analysis of the main ideas of P.A. Oyunsky on issues of national writing, spelling and terminology at the beginning of the 20th century; assessment of the linguistic concept of P.A. Oyunsky in the context of language policy in modern Yakutia. Methods of linguistic description and elements of historical analysis were used: a review of documents, archival materials, historical facts, a narrative method, with the help of which a description of the facts of the activities of the politician and scientist is given. The result of the study: Linguistic concept of P.A. Oyunsky has effective force in relation to solving the most important problems of language policy in the republic today. His conscious spelling and terminological activities in the Yakut language made it possible to develop principles that have become firmly established in both orthographic and terminological practice. He substantiated the expediency of including special letters such as zh, z, f, v into the Yakut alphabet to designate specific sounds of a foreign language and proclaim the phonetic-morphological principle of their spelling; the use of affixes, ezafe, neologisms, the use of archaisms and dialectisms, etc. to create terms. P.A. Oyunsky’s merit also lies in the fact that he put humanities in Yakutia on a scientific basis, implementing the idea of creating the Center for Scientific Research represented by the Institute of Language and Culture at the Council of People’s Commissars of the YASSR.