A comprehensive literature review of spermidine

This review explores the role of spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine, in promoting healthy aging and increasing lifespan. Spermidine was initially discovered in human sperm, and it is important in several cellular processes across eukaryotic organisms. We deeply study the historical background of spermidine discovery and its research developments. The paper examines the mechanisms through which spermidine influences lifespan, including its interaction with RNA, stimulation of autophagy, anti-inflammatory effects, and impact on the cell cycle. Each mechanism is discussed with its contribution to cellular health and potential in lifespan extension. Besides, several human diseases that spermidine could reduce the risk of are shown. Moreover, the review highlights food sources of spermidine, especially the Mediterranean diet. Spermidine rich eating pattern is related to improved health outcomes and longevity. Despite the benefits of spermidine, the paper also discusses the potential risks of spermidine intake, indicating that spermidine is related to increased cardiovascular disease risk. In this review, we aim to offer a balanced perspective on how spermidine might help with healthy aging, what we currently know about its effects on the body, and the further research needed to understand what spermidine means for human health.