Development of polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber scaffolds loaded with flaxseed extract for bone regeneration: phytochemicals, cell proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic gene expression

Bone tissue engineering seeks innovative materials that support cell growth and regeneration. Electrospun nanofibers, with their high surface area and tunable properties, serve as promising scaffolds. This study explores the incorporation of flaxseed extract, rich in polyphenolic compounds, into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers to improve their application in bone tissue engineering.