Semantic Segmentation in Large-Size Orthomosaics to Detect the Vegetation Area in Opuntia spp. Crop

This study focuses on semantic segmentation in crop Opuntia spp. orthomosaics; this is a significant challenge due to the inherent variability in the captured images. Manual measurement of Opuntia spp. vegetation areas can be slow and inefficient, highlighting the need for more advanced and accurate methods. For this reason, we propose to use deep learning techniques to provide a more precise and efficient measurement of the vegetation area. Our research focuses on the unique difficulties posed by segmenting high-resolution images exceeding 2000 pixels, a common problem in generating orthomosaics for agricultural monitoring. The research was carried out on a Opuntia spp. cultivation located in the agricultural region of Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico. The images used in this study were obtained by drones and processed using advanced semantic segmentation architectures, including DeepLabV3+, UNet, and UNet Style Xception. The results offer a comparative analysis of the performance of these architectures in the semantic segmentation of Opuntia spp., thus contributing to the development and improvement of crop analysis techniques based on deep learning. This work sets a precedent for future research applying deep learning techniques in agriculture.