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This study investigates the impact of social capital and self-efficacy on farmers' well-being in Guizhou Province, China. Employing a second-order model and a cross-sectional design, data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS. The results reveal that bonding social capital, through family support, friends support, and community support, significantly enhances farmers' well-being. Additionally, linking social capital, facilitated by interactions with with formal institutions or organizations, positively affects well-being by increasing trust and engagement. However, bridging social capital does not show a significant effect. Moreover, self-efficacy serves as a crucial mediating variable, amplifying the positive effects of social capital on well-being. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and agricultural development organizations. It is crucial to tailor strategies according to the specific characteristics of different types of social capital and the distinct needs of farmers, such as enhancing transparency in management and establishing a secure information environment. While strengthening bonding social capital, it is also essential to explore effective ways to leverage bridging social capital to comprehensively enhance farmers' well-being. This study not only extends and deepens existing knowledge but also provides a solid theoretical and empirical foundation for future research.
Xuan et al. (Thu,) studied this question.