Smart Fertilizing Using IoT Multi-Sensor and Variable Rate Sprayer Integrated UAV

This paper introduces a “Smart Fertilizing Using Internet of Things (IoT) Multi-Sensors” system to enhance fertilizer management in agriculture. The system has four main parts: the Nutro Determining Unit (NDU), the Nutro Sensing Unit (NSU), the Nutro UAV Variable Fertiliser Spray System, and a Variable Rate Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Sprayer model. The NDU collects vital data on Soil Moisture (SM) and Environmental Conditions (EnC) using advanced IoT cameras, while the NSU consolidates and normalises the data for advanced analysis using Heuristic Decision Trees (HDT) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. In India, a data-driven UAV system uses IoT and UAV technologies to determine nutrient needs and create a prescription map for fertilizer application. The approach caused increases in the efficient utilisation of resources, Crop Yield (CY), and ecological footprint when it underwent evaluation in a crop maize field that was 14 hectares in size. A fresh benchmark for Smart Farming (SF) techniques has been set up by this method of operation, which is motivated by data and symbolises an important innovation in modern and ecologically conscious SF methods.