A cross-sectional study to explore depression in postmenopausal women

Introduction: The impact of depression on postmenopausal women is a significant public health concern but remains largely unknown. Menopause signifies the cessation of a woman’s reproductive ability, indicating the halt of ovarian activity and leading to permanent amenorrhea. This organic change is associated with various symptoms including physical, vasomotor, sexual, and psychological elements. This cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the severity of depression in postmenopausal women and the factors that influence that depression. Methodology: This study examined 240 women from the Gynae department of DHQ Hospital Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan. Data on menopausal symptoms and demographic traits was collected via structured interviews and Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaires. Results: The study revealed that 57% of participants experienced physiological symptoms such as hot flashes, sweating, heart discomfort, insomnia, and sleep problems. Psychologically, 39% experienced depressive mood, irritability, anxiety, and exhaustion. Urogenital, 60% experienced sexual problems, bladder issues, and vagina dryness. The severity of symptoms varied, with 5% reporting no symptoms, 77% reporting mild to moderate symptoms, and 18% reporting severe to extremely severe symptoms. Conclusion: The study reveals that postmenopausal women often experience mild to moderate depression symptoms, emphasizing the need for personalized support and interventions to enhance their overall well-being.