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We examine the costs of the conversions between six automata models: deterministic finite automata, partial deterministic finite automata, nondeterministic finite automata with a unique final state and multiple final states, respectively, alternating finite automata, and Boolean finite automata. We present a tight upper bound for each conversion. All witnesses are described over a unary or binary alphabet, and we show that whenever a binary alphabet is used, it is always optimal.
Hospodár et al. (Fri,) studied this question.