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Introduction. In connection with atmospheric air pollution by Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs), which have physical properties different from microparticles (MPs), it is relevant to identify the key features of the negative impact of Al2O3 NPs during long-term inhalation intake. The aim of the study. Research and comparative assessment of bioaccumulation and negative effects associated with Al2O3 nano- and microparticles chronic inhalation intake the body in an experiment. Materials and methods. The physical properties of Al2O3 NPs were studied in comparison with MPs. Using Wistar rats, the distinctive features of bioaccumulation and negative effects associated with chronic inhalation exposure to Al2O3 NPs at a concentration of 0.017 mg/m3 for 180 days were determined. Results. Al2O3 NPs have a smaller size, larger specific surface area and total pore volume, which contributes to their greater penetrating activity through protective barriers compared to MPs. Due to this, with the same range of biodistribution organs, NPs have a higher degree of bioaccumulation. Exposure to NPs causes redox imbalance, cytolysis, hepatotoxic effect, disruption of the processes of excitation and inhibition of the nervous system, and thrombocytosis. When exposed to MP, less pronounced redox imbalance, cytolysis, and disruption of the process of neurotransmission of excitation were noted. NPs cause pathomorphological changes in the form of inflammation and impaired blood circulation in lung tissues, impaired blood circulation in the brain and liver. When exposed to MP, only the development of an inflammatory process in the lungs was established. Limitations. The study was carried out only with chronic inhalation exposure to Al2O3 NPs and MPs on Wistar rats. Conclusion. Al2O3 NPs have more pronounced bioaccumulation, a larger spectrum and degree of manifestation of negative effects in comparison with MPs. It is advisable to use the obtained results to improve the effectiveness of scientific substantiation of recommendations aimed at preventing and minimizing negative health effects associated with chronic inhalation exposure to Al2O3 NPs.
Степанков et al. (Wed,) studied this question.