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The present work explores for the first time the production of ceramic bodies with complex shape through the cold sintering process. Inspired by previous works on spark plasma sintering, a spacer accessory was designed to act as a removable mold. This proof-of-concept was tested with four different ceramic systems: biogenic hydroxyapatite, zinc oxide, diatomaceous earth and construction/demolition waste materials. In all cases, the density is comparable to that obtained by cold sintering of simpler disks. Moreover, the microstructure of the complex-shaped materials is substantially homogeneous in the entire component. Some distortions can be detected when comparing the spacer and sample shape, their control and modeling being a key challenge for future works.
Marín-Cortés et al. (Thu,) studied this question.