Boris N. Kholtsov (1861–1940): outstanding urologist, scientist, and teacher. To the 100th anniversary of the start of employment in the Urological Clinic of the Leningrad State Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors

This article is dedicated to outstanding clinical scientist Professor B.N. Kholtsov (1861–1940). The main stages of his scientific, clinical, and teaching activities and his scientific achievements in the development of novel methods for treating diseases of the urinary and male genital organs are presented. He was the first to propose a two-stage adenomectomy technique, an original method of urethral resection in case of stricture, and developed a surgical treatment method for contracture of the bladder neck. The role of Kholtsov in the training of urologists at the Department of Urology of the Leningrad State Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors, which he headed in 1926–1940, is shown. Kholtsov was a talented clinician, scientist, teacher, and innovator, whose main ideas remains in demand today.