Persistence of residual shunt at 6 and 12 months after transoesophageal echocardiography-guided percutaneous closure of a patent foramen ovale for cryptogenic stroke

Young patients suffering from cryptogenic stroke alongside a patent foramen ovale (PFO) are often considered for percutaneous device closure to reduce the risk of stroke recurrence. Residual right-to-left shunt after device closure may persist in approximately a quarter of the patients at 6 months, and some may close at a later time point. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and persistence of residual right-to-left shunt after percutaneous PFO closure.