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Abstract Hydrogen gas exhibits a broader flammable limit concentration range in comparison to hydrocarbon gas, possesses lower ignition energy and ignition temperature, and manifests a heightened propagation speed of explosive flames. In the eventuality of a hydrogen gas leak, it is noteworthy that the density of hydrogen is lower than that of air, leading to its dispersion into the surrounding atmosphere within an open space. Nevertheless, within a confined environment, the hydrogen gas cloud has the potential to stagnate and accumulate. The presence of an accumulated hydrogen gas cloud elevates the risk substantially, rendering it susceptible to ignition or explosion, even in the presence of a minor ignition source. The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate diffusion characteristics in response to diverse ventilation methods in the event of hydrogen leaks within the Fuel Gas Supply System (FGSS) room. A FGSS room, representative of the dimensions of an operational hydrogen fuel propulsion ship, was fabricated for the purpose of this investigation. Ventilation capacity was systematically compared and analyzed, taking into consideration variables such as ceiling type, ventilation method, and the length of the ventilation duct. Moreover, the FLACS program was employed for numerical analysis, and a modeling technique for simulating hydrogen leakage diffusion in enclosed spaces was developed through a comprehensive comparison and verification with the experimental findings. The amalgamation of experimental results and the refined numerical approach holds potential utility in informing adjustments to existing International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidelines and the International Code of Safety for Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels (IGF Code).
Kim et al. (Sun,) studied this question.