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Abstract In recent times, there has been the introduction of various numerical wave tanks (NWT) based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that provide detailed information on wave propagation and associated wave hydrodynamics. Faster solutions for nonlinear wave propagation are desirable for a wide range of ocean and coastal engineering scenarios. High-order spectral (HOS) wave models and fully nonlinear potential flow (FNPF) models are potential options for efficient wave propagation simulations in deep water. In the design of offshore wind substructures, it is often necessary to identify significant wave events, currents, and sediment transport processes together. The dynamics of each phenomenon are interrelated and greatly influence offshore structures. For pure wave propagation problems, a potential flow model is highly effective. However, when simulating wave-current interactions and sediment processes, a viscous flow model that considers turbulence effects is more suitable. This research presents a three-dimensional non-hydrostatic model called REEF3D::NHFLOW, which operates on a moving σ-coordinate grid. By solving the non-hydrostatic Navier-Stokes equations, this model provides detailed results. The grid used in REEF3D::NHFLOW follows the surface and bottom topography, allowing for grid refinement near the water surface or bottom while maintaining low computational effort. Developed within the open-source hydrodynamics framework REEF3D, the new model is fully parallelized and utilizes the domain decomposition strategy and MPI communication between processors. This paper showcases the capabilities of this new and efficient one-phase flow model through the implementation of a free surface and bottom following σ-grid approach.
Bihs et al. (Sun,) studied this question.