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Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren) play a central role in shaping the character and values of students amidst the challenges of globalization and technological development. This study aims to explore the role of Kiai leadership in strengthening student moderation attitudes at Pondok Pesantren Hayatul Islam Sunan Drajat, Probolinggo Regency. A qualitative approach with a case study method is used to understand this phenomenon deeply through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The results of the research show that the Kiai plays a central role in the formulation of work plans, the development of educational programs, and the character building of students. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between Kiai leadership and the strengthening of student moderation attitudes, as well as a leadership model that can be applied in other Islamic boarding schools.
Fathona et al. (Mon,) studied this question.