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Around 6,000 civil society organisations (CSOs) have been registered by the autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq since 2011. Many of them work in the fields of human rights, women's and youth capacity empowerment, law, and the environment, while others monitor the work of the Kurdistan government, parliament, and elections. CSOs in Iraqi Kurdistan face many challenges that place serious constraints on their work and limit the socio-political and economic roles that they can play. This article explores these challenges in order to make some recommendations to improve CSOs' functionality within the democratisation process of the KRG. A historical descriptive and case study method was utilised for the studies. In-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders from CSOs, academia, and the government were used to generate qualitative data that was thematically analysed. The research findings revealed that CSOs in Iraqi Kurdistan are faced with political, financial, legal, and religious challenges, as well as the impacts of corruption and government interference. The article argues that CSOs are paramount institutions for the development of Iraqi Kurdistan, and only when these challenges are overcome will CSOs be effective in contributing to society's democratic development.
Hussein et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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