Threats Related to the Use of Quantum Effects in Cryptography

In December 2022, an article was published on the implementation of the Shore algorithm in China on a quantum computer, where a 48-bit number was factorized and a prediction was made about the possibility of decomposing the RSA-2048 number using a similar technique. In this article, based on the experimental results presented in it, some conclusions are drawn about the possibility of practical use of the Shor algorithm and similar algorithms on quantum computers for attacks on information security systems based on solving integer factorization and discrete logarithm problems. The question of the dependence of the accuracy of calculations on the number of qubits in the system used and the depth of the program (the number of consecutive quantum operations on a quantum system) is considered. A brief overview of the history of the emergence and development of quantum key distribution technology, as well as other crypto protocols based on the physical properties of switching networks, is presented. A comparison is made with similar technologies in digital cryptography. In some cases, the advantage of the latter is shown in their ease of use, performance and provable durability.