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The rapid urbanization anticipated by the United Nations, projecting that 68% of the global population will reside in urban areas by 2050, underlines the escalating challenges such as public health, traffic congestion, and social inequality in cities. Smart cities, utilizing Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), emerge as a pivotal solution by optimizing urban infrastructure and enhancing life quality, aiming for sustainable urban development that balances economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity. This article systematically explores the intricate relationships among smart city concepts through a cluster analysis, highlighting how these interact within the scope of urban planning to address such multifaceted challenges. The analysis utilizes a bibliometric review and thematic clustering to synthesize existing definitions and characteristics of smart cities, assess the integration of sustainable practices, and identify the intersections where urban planning can effectively leverage ICTs to enhance city livability and sustainability. Our findings suggest that while smart cities are advancing, significant gaps remain, particularly in integrating technology with aging urban infrastructures and ensuring inclusivity in technology access. Future directions are proposed, emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches and the need for adaptive policies that can accommodate rapid technological advancements without compromising the social and environmental fabric of urban life. This study not only advances academic knowledge but also offers practical insights for public and private sectors committed to fostering more intelligent, sustainable cities aligned with global sustainability goals.
Benini et al. (Tue,) studied this question.