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Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are innovative materials that absorb and release thermal energy during phase transitions, making them ideal for thermal energy storage applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of PCMs, focusing on their functioning mechanisms, classifications, and shape stabilization methods. PCMs operate by storing latent heat during melting and releasing it upon solidification, thereby maintaining a stable temperature during phase changes. They are classified into three main categories: organic, inorganic, and eutectic. Organic PCMs, such as paraffins and fatty acids, offer high latent heat storage but suffer from low thermal conductivity. Inorganic PCMs, including salt hydrates and metals, provide better thermal conductivity but face challenges like supercooling and corrosiveness. Eutectic PCMs, which are mixtures of compounds, offer customizable melting points and enhanced thermal properties. To address leakage and improve thermal conductivity, shape stabilization methods are employed, such as encapsulation, stabilization by porous matrix, and polymer hybridized shape stabilization. These techniques enhance the structural integrity and thermal performance of PCMs, making them more suitable for practical applications. The paper highlights the potential of PCMs to improve energy efficiency and outlines future research directions for optimizing their performance in various industries.
Soumen Mandal (Wed,) studied this question.