IoT-enabled fire detection for sustainable agriculture: A real-time system using flask and embedded technologies

In modern agriculture, the threat of fire poses significant economic and environmental risks. Additionally, traditional fire detection methods are inadequate and poorly integrated with advanced technologies. It is crucial to develop a more efficient and reliable fire detection system. Also, the lack of real-time and accurate monitoring in current systems compromises the resilience and sustainability of farming operations. This article details developing and implementing a real-time fire detection system tailored for smart agriculture. It integrates cutting-edge technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), embedded systems, and a Flask-based web application, fortified by cybersecurity measures such as login authentication and secure HTTP protocols. The system's primary aim is to monitor environmental conditions continuously in agricultural fields to detect signs of smoke or flame swiftly, facilitating preventive actions to safeguard crops and infrastructure. The architecture employs sensors distributed across fields to monitor conditions, a Raspberry Pi 3 B+ as the central processing unit for data acquisition and transmission, and a web interface developed using Flask, HTML, and CSS for secure and real-time visualization of detection data. Critical components like the MCP3208 analog-to-digital converter ensure the system's reliability and accuracy. Experimental results confirm the system's efficacy in early fire detection and real-time data visualization via the web browser. Enhanced security features, such as login authentication, protect sensitive information, while regular updates maintain data relevance. This study advances fire prevention and farm preservation efforts, offering a high-performance technological solution for proactive monitoring and quick response to fire risks, thereby supporting food security and sustainable agricultural practices.