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Abstract Background In recent years, targeted alpha therapy has gained importance in the clinics, and in particular, the alpha-emitter 225 Ac plays a fundamental role in this clinical development. Nevertheless, depending on the chelating system no real diagnostic alternative has been established which shares similar chemical properties with this alpha-emitting radionuclide. In fact, the race to launch a diagnostic radionuclide to form a matched pair with 225 Ac is still open, and 133 La features attractive radiation properties to claim this place. However, in order to enable its translation into clinical use, upscaling of the production of this PET radionuclide is needed. Results A study on optimal irradiation parameters, separation conditions and an exhaustive product characterization was carried out. In this framework, a proton irradiation of 2 h, 60 µA and 18.7 MeV produced 133 La activities of up to 10.7 GBq at end of bombardment. In addition, the performance of four different chromatographic resins were tested and two optimized purification methods presented, taking approximately 20 min with a 133 La recovery efficiencies of over 98%, decay corrected. High radionuclide purity and apparent molar activity was proved, of over 99.5% and 120 GBq/µmol, respectively, at end of purification. Furthermore, quantitative complexation of PSMA-617 and mcp-M-PSMA were obtained with molar activities up to 80 GBq/µmol. In addition, both 133 La-radioconjugates offered high stability in serum, of over (98.5 ± 0.3)% and (99.20 ± 0.08)%, respectively, for up to 24 h. A first dosimetry estimation was also performed and it was calculated that an 133 La application for imaging with between 350 and 750 MBq would only have an effective dose of 2.1–4.4 mSv, which is comparable to that of 18 F and 68 Ga based radiopharmaceuticals. Conclusions In this article we present an overarching study on 133 La production, from the radiation parameters optimization to a clinical dose estimation. Lanthanum-133 activities in the GBq range could be produced, formulated as 133 LaLaCl 3 with high quality regarding radiolabeling and radionuclide purity. We believe that increasing the 133 La availability will further promote the development of radiopharmaceuticals based on macropa or other chelators suitable for 225 Ac. Graphical abstract
Brühlmann et al. (Thu,) studied this question.