Spinal Cord Stimulation Improves Quality of Life for Patients With Chronic Pain—Data From the UK and Ireland National Neuromodulation Registry

IntroductionSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a well-established treatment for chronic pain and is supported by numerous studies. However, some recent articles have questioned its efficacy. This article examines a cohort of >1800 patients with SCS from the UK and Ireland National Neuromodulation Registry. It is intended to provide a "real-world" assessment of efficacy and compare its effects with other procedures performed for painful indications.Materials and MethodsQuality of life (QoL) data (EuroQoL five-level EQ5D) and demographic data were extracted from the National Neuromodulation Registry for all patients (N = 1811) who underwent SCS for chronic pain in 27 centers in the UK between February 2018 and July 2022. These were compared with data from the published literature for other commonly performed elective surgical procedures.ResultsThe EQ5D utility index increased by a mean of 0.202 in the 1236 patients with paired pre- and postoperative utility scores. The median utility was 0.263 (interquartile range IQR = 0.384; n = 1811) preoperatively, whereas at six months after the operation, it was 0.550 (IQR = 0.396; n = 1025), p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon rank sum test. The median utility score at 12 months postoperation was 0.548 (IQR = 0.417; n = 970). There was no difference in utility scores at six months and 12 months after implantation (p = 0.15, Wilcoxon rank sum test). There was a significant improvement in QoL in all five domains of the five-level EQ5D tool at six months after baseline (p < 0.01, for all subcategories), and this was sustained at one year after implantation. The baseline utility was lower than in patients who underwent elective surgery for other painful conditions, and the absolute (and proportionate) increase in utility produced by SCS was greater than that achieved with most other interventions.ConclusionsSCS increases the QoL in patients requiring surgery for pain. Similar results were seen regardless of SCS indication. When comparing analogous data bases, SCS produces a greater percentage improvement in EQ5D utility than do many other elective surgical procedures for painful conditions, including spinal surgery and some joint replacements.