A Cross-Sectional Study on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Association of Risk Factors with Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis Stages

A Cross -sectional Study on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Association of Risk Factors with Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis Stages. Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with the worldwide diabetes pandemic, which speeds up the course of the illness and has negative health consequences. The intricate connection between metabolic diseases and liver health was brought to light at the 2023 European Association for the Study of the Liver Congress, when NAFLD was renamed to metabolic dysfunction -associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). With this in mind, we set out to determine how common NAFLD is in the Indian community and what variables put people at risk for developing it at different stages. Methods and materials: 1, 521 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in an observational cross -sectional research that took place at Saraswathi Medical College in Hapur. Quantitative measures were taken, including height, weight, age, gender, and anthropometric variables including BMI and waist circumference. By using FibroScan® vibration -controlled transient elastography (VCTE), the various phases of liver fibrosis and steatosis were discovered. Results: Out of 1, 521 diabetic cases, 75.1% had liver steatosis, with corresponding percentages of 25.9%, 15.1%, 24.4%, and 36.0%. In contrast, 28.0% had liver fibrosis, with corresponding percentages of 72.2%, 19. %, 5%, 1.5%, and 3.4%. Significant gender -related changes were seen in the S1 (p = 0.012), S3 (p = 0.001), F1 (p = 0.001), and F2 (p = 0.001) grades, indicating a positive relationship. In addition, there was a significant correlation between disease severity and waist circumference in both the steatosis and fibrosis phases of liver disease (p = 0.001), but a solitary correlation between steatosis degree and BMI (p = 0.001). With p -values of 0.149 for steatosis and 0.078 for fibrosis grades, respectively, the mean age differences between these groups did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusion: The research concludes that type 2 diabetics are at increased risk for advanced fibrosis due to the high frequency of non -alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (steatosis and fibrosis). Appropriate screening and treatments are necessary for type 2 diabetic individuals who have risk factors such as a large waist and a high body mass index.