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With the escalation of global climate change and environmental pollution, the shipping industry urgently needs to undergo transformation. Electric ships, leveraging advantages such as zero emissions, low noise, and high energy efficiency, demonstrate significant potential and market prospects. This paper reviews the current research status of electric ships, discussing the latest advancements and challenges in battery technology and electric propulsion systems. While lithium-ion batteries remain mainstream, issues regarding range and charging speed persist, prompting exploration into new technologies such as solid-state batteries, fuel cells, and sodium-ion batteries. The Battery Management System (BMS) plays a crucial role in enhancing battery safety and reliability. Optimized design and intelligent control strategies have notably improved the efficiency and reliability of electric propulsion systems. The paper summarizes the technological advancements in electric ships, identifies current challenges, and outlines future development directions.
Peng et al. (Sat,) studied this question.