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Abstract The synthetic colorant Congo red (CR) dye is an organic pollutant due to its resistance to decolorization. It is used in rubber, textiles, printing, and dyeing industries. Different dye-contaminated water can have adverse effects, including carcinogenicity and toxicity to biotic components. The discovery of CR dye, its noteworthy effects on aquatic life, and the ability of chemically activated lemon peel (LP) to function as an adsorbent were all made possible by this effort. The optimal conditions of dye concentration, adsorbent quantities, temperature, and contact period were assessed. The separation and removal of pollutants from wastewater were assessed by centrifuging the samples for the adsorption procedure, which is often used by spectrophotometers to evaluate LP’s capacity to remove CR. LP was chemically activated by using different KOH and H3PO4 material-chemical ratios due to its frequent availability in nature, high surface area, and active functional groups. For CR adsorption, the best contact periods were 80 and 100 minutes, respectively, with removal percentages of 86.86% and 89.03% for 1:3 or LP-H3 (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 ratios of LP and H3PO4 as LP-H1, LP-H2, LP-H3, LP-H4, and LP-H5) ratios. The greatest CR adsorption took place at a dye concentration of 100 ppm. Through this work, LP served as an affordable and eco-friendly adsorbent. Further, more research can be done on using low-cost, high-performing, eco-friendly adsorbents to remove hazardous dyes.
Mondol et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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