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This study examines China’s foreign assistance and cooperation strategies in vocational and technical education (TVET) with a focus on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and associated projects. It highlights key initiatives such as the Punjab Tianjin University of Technology and the "Luban Workshop," which reflect China's commitment to advancing vocational education in Pakistan. Through a detailed analysis, the study identifies the effectiveness of these projects in meeting educational needs, the challenges faced, and the strategic alignment with broader initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Pakistan’s Vision 2025. Findings reveal that while significant progress has been made in improving educational quality and infrastructure, challenges remain in sustainability, market alignment, and support mechanisms. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing future TVET projects, emphasizing the need for robust collaboration, sustainability, and flexibility to address emerging challenges. This research contributes valuable insights into international cooperation in vocational education and offers guidance for policymakers and practitioners involved in similar initiatives.
Tang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.