The Interplay between Ethnic Fragmentation & Economic Development

Since gaining independence in 1963, Kenya has navigated a complex interplay between ethnic fragmentation and economic development, marked by a myriad of challenges. This research article evaluated these dynamics, shedding light on the hurdles hindering progress and the avenues for advancement. Among the challenges analysed are: political instability and governance issues, resource allocation disparities leading to unequal development, pervasive corruption and rent-seeking behaviour, ethnic favouritism in employment and business, wavering investor confidence impacting economic stability, and the perpetuation of ethnic polarization in public discourse. The article reviews various literatures, gaps identified and field. Two theories Instrumental Marxist theory and Relative Deprivation theory complemented by pragmatism philosophy are utilised to enrich the findings herein. It employs historical research design since its qualitative in nature. The major finding is that the volatile political environment, characterized by contested elections, instances of violence, and power struggles, has created an aura of uncertainty that is detrimental to the economic stability. It concludes that, corruption and rent-seeking behaviour have posed formidable obstacles to Kenya's economic development, siphoning off resources meant for public welfare and distorting the allocation of opportunities.