Comparative analysis of mobile learning in various countries: Literature study on five continents

Mobile learning (M-learning) has emerged as essential in reshaping global education by increasing accessibility, engagement, and readiness for the digital era. This study examines the implementation and impact of m-learning in various contexts, including Indonesia, the United States, Finland, Australia, and Africa. Findings show that m-learning initiatives have successfully reduced geographic and infrastructure barriers, particularly in remote and underserved areas. In Indonesia, m-learning has significantly improved educational access and digital literacy among students and educators. Likewise, m-learning has fostered personalised learning experiences and interactive educational environments in the United States and Finland, enriching student engagement and learning outcomes. Australia has leveraged M-learning to achieve educational equity by reaching remote communities, while in Africa, m-learning has driven innovative educational solutions despite challenges such as uneven technological infrastructure. However, there are still challenges to be faced, such as ensuring fair internet access and developing locally relevant educational content. This research underscores the need for strategic policy development and continued investment in technological infrastructure to maximise the potential of m-learning in promoting inclusive and quality education globally.