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Since the 1960s, researchers have worked to advance water flooding technology to address challenges like high viscosity, low fluidity, and depleting reservoirs, aiming to prevent oil fields from becoming unproductive. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision, and advanced algorithms like BP neural networks has recently revolutionized this field. These technological advancements have upgraded water injection methodologies, overcoming past limitations and enabling real-time monitoring and dynamic control of water injection into different oil layers. This 'intelligent layering' ensures optimized water management, enhancing overall recovery rates. This overview highlights the progression of water injection techniques, critiques traditional methods' shortcomings, and delves into the cutting-edge applications of AI-driven intelligent layering systems. It serves as a valuable guide for oil industry stakeholders, equipment manufacturers, and research institutions seeking to refine water injection practices and boost hydrocarbon extraction efficiency.
Wang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.