Evaluation Method of the Impact of Twin Shield Tunneling Construction on Elevated Bridges: Case Study

In urban metro construction, shield tunneling often needs to pass through building and bridge pile foundations, potentially affecting the stability of existing structures. Therefore, accurately assessing the impact of shield tunneling on bridges and buildings is crucial. This study presents a comprehensive prediction method combining numerical simulation and empirical formulas, taking the underpass project of the Shijiazhuang–Wuhan High-Speed Railway Bridge by Zhengzhou Metro Line 5 as a case study. Three-dimensional numerical model calculations were performed using finite element software to analyze the displacement and stress changes of buildings and tunnel structures at different construction stages, revealing the deformation patterns of buildings adjacent to the tunnel during shield tunneling. In particular, the ground settlement caused by twin-tunnel excavation was compared with Peck’s empirical formula to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation. The results show that twin-tunnel excavation exacerbates the horizontal displacement, uplift, and settlement of the ground, with maximum deformation rates increasing by 7.10%, 20%, and 11.4%, respectively. Comparing the ground deformation results of Peck’s empirical formulas with numerical calculations revealed similar trends in the settlement curves, with a maximum deviation of 6.67%. It can be concluded that using Peck’s empirical formula to calculate ground deformation characteristics complements the limitations of numerical simulations, making the assessment results more reliable. The findings of this study demonstrate that integrating numerical simulation with empirical formulas significantly enhances the reliability of deformation predictions in complex tunneling scenarios. This research not only offers a comprehensive safety assessment method for shield tunneling construction but also provides valuable guidance for the design and construction of similar projects, serving as a theoretical reference for future engineering endeavors.