Quantum Cryptography in Modern Cybersecurity

This article tends to deal with the fast-evolving world of quantum cryptography, specifically the concept of quantum key distribution (QKD), which has significant importance in modern-day cybersecurity scenarios. The most notable feature of quantum cryptography is its ability to ensure safe communication through principles borrowed from quantum mechanics such as entanglement and superposition. The research comprehensively analyses discrete-variable protocols (DVQKD) and continuous-variable ones (CVQKD), closely investigating their potential roles as re-inventors of secure communications owing to increasing cyber threats. In principle, quantum cryptography is invulnerable to all forms of attacks; however, there are numerous challenges to its implementation including high deployment costs, technology limitations and complex integration with existing systems for protecting data. This paper presents an elaborate state of today's quantum cryptography capturing its advancements, active research efforts as well as barriers towards increased use in build systems based on resistance against attacks utilizing properties specific to quantum mechanics. Key Words: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), Post – Quantum Cryptography (PQC), Discrete-Variable (DVQKD) and Continuous-Variable (CVQKD), Quantum Superposition, Crypto-Attacks.