The Human Cerebellum: A Digital Anatomical Atlas at the Level of Individual Folia

Abstract Scientific interest in the cerebellum has surged in the last few decades with an emerging consensus on a multifaceted functionality and intricate, but not yet fully understood, functional topography over the cerebellar cortex. To further refine this structure-function relationship and quantify its inter-subject variability, a high-resolution digital anatomical atlas is fundamental. Using a combination of manual labeling and image processing, we turned a recently published reconstruction of the human cerebellum, the first such reconstruction fine enough to resolve the individual folia, into a digital atlas with both surface and volumetric representations. Its unprecedented granularity (0.16 mm) and detailed expert labeling make the atlas usable as an anatomical ground truth, enabling new ways of analyzing and visualizing cerebellar data through its digital format.