The impact of the coral reef system on the tsunami propagation of the 2004 Indian Ocean event in North Male Atoll

The relationship between the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami (IOT) with the Maldivian reef remains unclear. Following the tsunami event, some field-based studies suggest that specific reef areas offered protection against the tsunami waves. However, a quantitative study is lacking to assess the buffering role of this reef system. Considering its significance for fisheries and tourism, there is an urgent need to understand the reef dynamics during the IOT. Here, we aim to address the scientific gaps related to the reef impact on the tsunami waves in North Male Atoll. Our findings indicate that the coral cover contributed to a marginal reduction in energy flux along approximatively 90% of Eastern North Male shoreline. Over 80% of the area experienced a 60% decrease in tsunami energy flux due to the presence of the reef platform. The distance reef-island, the proportion of reef coverage relative to island and the tsunami wavelength also play a role in influencing tsunami energy flux. This research not only addresses a critical knowledge gap regarding the reef dynamic during a tsunami event, but also emphasizes the importance of considering coral reefs in the context of sustainable coastal management, disaster preparedness and anthropogenic climate change stressors.