A Cross-Sectional Study of Salmonella Typhi Isolated From Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital, Nawabshah Pakistan

Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi, is a significant public health issue, especially in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. This study examines the prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of Salmonella Typhi infections among 300 patients at a tertiary care hospital in Nawabshah, Pakistan, from December 12, 2022, to June 30, 2023. Using non-probability convenience sampling, data were collected and analyzed using SPSS Version 23. The study population comprised 37.3% males and 62.7% females, indicating a higher prevalence of typhoid fever among females. A majority of patients (59%) resided in urban areas. Educational attainment varied, with 29.6% having no formal education and 28% having only primary education. Occupationally, laborers represented the largest group (46.3%), followed by housewives (29.3%). Demographic study noted that 75. 7% of the patients belong to the low socioeconomic category. To this effect, this study examines the influence of the demographic variables including gender, residential status, education, occupation and SES on typhoid fever incidence and control in GMA. These results suggest the need for focused efforts on modifying known health risk factors as well as other types of campaigns to raise health literacy. Elimination of inequalities and ill-health barriers that affect typhoid fever incidence in the study population based on age, gender and geographical location is also important when developing strategies for prevention and management. More studies are needed to establish the causes of these differences as this will provide the basis for development of programs and policies for addressing these statistics.