Evaluation and Analysis of Risk Factors and Severity of Postpartum Depression in Postnatal Women at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant mental health concern. Understanding the risk factors associated with PPD is crucial for effective intervention and support for affected individuals. This study was carried out to identify specific risk factors contributing to the development of PPD in various demographic groups. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted at Parul Sevashram Hospital over a period of 10 months. The study involved the inpatient and outpatient departments of the gynaecology and obstetrics department. Demographic details, and gynaecological and obstetrics history were collected from postnatal women, who were screened for PPD using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at baseline (1st visit) and followed up a month later (2nd visit) to evaluate the prevalence of PPD. Data analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of PPD, identify risk factors, and assess comorbid conditions in postnatal women. Results: The prevalence of PPD following childbirth was 7.14% at the 1st visit and decreased to 3.25% at the 2nd visit, indicating a decline in symptoms over time. Factors associated with an increased risk for PPD included maternal age, low education level, cesarean delivery, giving birth to a female child, multigravida status, and a history of pregnancy loss. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of early identification and intervention for PPD, particularly among women with identified risk factors. By understanding and addressing these risk factors, healthcare providers can improve outcomes for postnatal women and promote maternal mental well-being.