Design Constraints and Strategic Approaches for Crewed Missions to Mars and Ceres

This article explores the feasibility of crewed missions to Mars and Ceres, addressing key challenges such as defining vehicle boundaries within Earth's domain and ensuring radiation protection during interplanetary transit. Given the importance of preserving life in space and safeguarding the health of astronauts, the study delves into mission-specific details and innovative concepts, including NASA's Artemis program and solar-electric propulsion. It highlights the interplay between seemingly isolated design decisions and overarching mission goals, revealing critical trade-offs between mission duration, crew density, and resource utilization. Drawing from the Artemis program and advanced testing methodologies, the feasibility of joint operations between Mars and Ceres is evaluated, with a focus on mission duration, crew safety, and in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). The study concludes with recommendations for a flexible and adaptable design model for future missions.