Development of Fire Risk Assessment Model for Hospital Buildings in Urban Areas

Global healthcare fires cause major casualties.Despite fewer incidents in Thailand, fire prevention is crucial.This study develops a prototype of fire risk assessment model for hospital buildings in urban areas aligned with NFPA 551 and OHSAS 18001, The model comprised four steps: 1) Hazard identification and fire opportunity assessments (Sources of fire, people at risk, fire and life safety and fire protection management); 2) Fire severity assessment; 3) Fire risk level assessment and 4) Fire risk management of hospital buildings in urban areas.Data was collected through interviews with eight specialists and by testing the model with simulated scenarios by eighteen specialists.Results indicated that fire opportunities in Category 4 had the highest risk score at 64.14%, followed by Category 1 at 62.58%, Category 3 at 58%, and Category 2 at 52.53%.Calculating opportunities using an equation yielded a value of 59.85, categorizing it as "Moderate".Fire severity was assessed as "High", implying a severe impact on building occupants, potentially leading to disability or death, and significant structural damaged.A "High" fire risk level mandates proactive safety management to mitigate risks before operations commence.