Some results of petrographic study of Neolithic ceramics from the Luzhki II site

The presented article introduces into scientific circulation the first results of the petrographic study of the Neolithic ceramics of the Luzhki II site. A total of 22 samples from vessels decorated with punctures (8 units), impressions of a comb stamp (9 units), their combination (1 unit), nail-like notches (2 units), as well as only belts of pitted impressions under the cut of the rim (2 units) were analyzed. Petrographic analysis of ceramics allows to establish the mineralogical composition of clays and thickeners, to identify the formulation of ceramic dough, to determine the temperature and firing conditions, as well as to suggest possible sources of raw materials. According to the results of a micromorphological study, two groups of dishes are distinguished in the collection of the Luzhki II site. The first is characterized by the use of sand and chamotte as a cleaner, and for the second, consisting of two samples, only sand. In general, it can be summarized that all the vessels considered are made of thin clays, mainly hydrosluidic with a content of clastic material from 18% to 35%. Sand has always acted as a cleaner, mainly its share is about 45%, the concentration of chamotte does not exceed 20%, its size is 0,7–1,3 mm. The conditions of long-term firing of vessels are stable at a temperature of mainly +700…+800°C in an oxidizing environment.