The effects of a risk-based approach to tax examinations: evidence from a tax pilot programme in Tanzania

Abstract Technical assistance and increased use of ICT in tax administrations hold promise for greater revenue collection. Yet, the evidence on how these activities work in the real-world circumstances of developing countries is scant. The paper attempts to fill this gap by evaluating an intervention undertaken jointly by the Finnish and Tanzanian revenue administrations. The programme introduced a new risk-based case selection method for enhancing the effectiveness of firm tax examinations in Tanzania complemented by supplementary staff training and developing management practices. Our results, stemming from a difference-in-differences analysis and administrative data from the Tanzanian Revenue Authority, indicate that the intervention increased the corrected amount of taxable income by approximately 20% during the first year of the new approach.