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Unconventional oil and gas resources, such as shale oil and gas, are gradually attracting great attention from all countries of the world. Horizontal drilling and large-scale hydraulic fracturing technology are used to efficiently extract oil from shale formation. Effective placement of the proppant in the fractures and high long-term conductivity are the keys to solve the problems of oil well flow rate increase in shale oil and gas fields. In this work, the sieve analysis method and FCMS-V fracture conductivity determination device, as well as scanning electron microscope are used. They are used to experimentally investigate the filtration characteristics of hydraulic fracturing fractures and establish the key factors affecting the filtration characteristics. The object of the study is the core of the oil-saturated DG shale formation of Songliao Basin. Also in this paper, the indentation and crushing mechanism of proppant under reservoir conditions is studied. The influence of various factors was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The following studies were conducted: the effect of sand granule size on conductivity, the effect of grain size distribution on conductivity, the effect of proppant concentration on conductivity, the effect of fracture closure pressure on conductivity, and the effect of proppant indentation on conductivity. The granule sizes of the proppant used range from 30/50 to 70/140 mesh. Proppant concentration: 2,5; 5; 10 kg/m2. Ratios of granule sizes for used mixtures: 1:1:1, 1:2:7, 1:4:5.And crack clamping pressure from 20 to 40 MPa. As a result of the study, dependences of initial and long-term fracture conductivity on clamping pressure, granulometric composition of proppant and its concentration were obtained. Using a scanning electron microscope, the degree of indentation and crushing of proppant under reservoir conditions in two media, namely shale core and steel plates, was visually evaluated. The results of experimental studies can be used to optimize the shale oil development system and have scientific and practical significance for shale oil production in continental deposits.
Yang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.