To Evaluate the Clinicopathological Cases of Acute Leukemia in Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu Region

Introduction: Acute leukemias (AL) are a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies, characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic cells that inltrate into the bone marrow and blood. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are two types of AL. In India, the annual incidence is appraised to be 4.3 and 1.4 per lac individuals for AML and ALL, respectively. Leukemia continues to be the largest contributor to cancer related mortality in children and ALL constitutes 75–80% of childhood acute leukemias. Objective : To evaluate the clinicopathological proles of AL reported to pediatric department in a tertiary care hospital. To study the prevalence and prognosis of AL in children in Jammu region. Materials & Methods: This retrospective study included 150 patients diagnosed with Acute Leukemia. Diagnosis was based on peripheral blood smear examination, bone marrow aspiration, owcytometry and cytogenetic studies. Results : Amongst 150 cases of AL, 15 were of AML and 135 were of ALL. ALL was found to be more common in children than AML. Slight male predominance was noted in both the types. ALL is the most common type of acute leukemia in children age 20%. B-cell acute leukemia showed CD10+, CD19+, CD10/19 co-expression+ positivity. T-cell ALL showed CD7 positivity. Conclusion: The categorization of AL cases in favorable and unfavorable prognosis groups tells us about the future outcome of cases, and ndings of this study show that the unfavorable prognosis group has a dismal prognosis.