Comparative analysis of patient-reported outcomes in myelopathy and myeloradiculopathy: a Quality Outcomes Database study

OBJECTIVE Myelopathy in the cervical spine can present with diverse symptoms, many of which can be debilitating for patients. Patients with radiculopathy symptoms demonstrate added complexity because of the overlapping symptoms and treatment considerations. The authors sought to assess outcomes in patients with myelopathy presenting with or without concurrent radiculopathy. METHODS The Quality Outcomes Database, a prospectively collected multi-institutional database, was used to analyze demographic, clinical, and surgical variables of patients presenting with myelopathy or myeloradiculopathy as a result of degenerative pathology. Outcome measures included arm (VAS-arm) and neck (VAS-neck) visual analog scale (VAS) scores, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scale score, EuroQol VAS (EQ-VAS) score, and Neck Disability Index (NDI) at 3, 12, and 24 months compared with baseline. RESULTS A total of 1015 patients were included in the study: 289 patients with myelopathy alone (M 0 ), 239 with myeloradiculopathy but no arm pain (MR AP− ), and 487 patients with myeloradiculopathy and arm pain (MR AP+ ). M 0 patients were older than the myeloradiculopathy cohorts combined (M 0 64.2 vs MR AP− + MR AP+ 59.5 years, p < 0.001), whereas MR AP+ patients had higher BMI and a greater incidence of current smoking compared with the other cohorts. There were more anterior approaches used in in MR AP+ patients and more posterior approaches used in M 0 patients. In severely myelopathic patients (mJOA scale score ≤ 10), posterior approaches were used more often for M 0 (p < 0.0001) and MR AP+ (p < 0.0001) patients. Patients with myelopathy and myeloradiculopathy both exhibited significant improvement at 1 and 2 years across all outcome domains. The amount of improvement did not vary based on surgical approach. In comparing cohort outcomes, postoperative outcome differences were associated with patient-reported scores at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Patients with myelopathy and those with myeloradiculopathy demonstrated significant and similar improvement in arm and neck pain scores, myelopathy, disability, and quality of life at 3 months that was sustained at 1- and 2-year follow-up intervals. More radicular symptoms and arm pain increased the likelihood of a surgeon choosing an anterior approach, whereas more severe myelopathy increased the likelihood of approaching posteriorly. Surgical approach itself was not an independent predictor of outcome.