Emerging Challenges and New Responses, Building Capabilities to Counter Threats in Cyberspace

Cyberspace phenomena are changing rapidly at international and national levels. Growing threats, new vulnerabilities and protection against them require continuous action at the level of the EU, NATO and national competent authorities and organisations. Adequate protection of critical infrastructure and cyberspace is a vital strategic, operational and technical challenge for the EU, NATO and therefore nations. Cross-border impacts, threat actors and malicious actions require coordination of international and national procedures, mechanisms and cooperation. This article presents the most important phenomena and trends experienced today, as well as EU and NATO initiatives and requirements at the strategic level, illustrating what changes can be expected in cybersecurity.