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The notion of Roman 2-domination was introduced in 2016 as a variant of Roman domination, a concept inspired by a defending strategy used by the emperor Constantine (272–337 AD) to protect the Roman Empire. Since then, a considerable number of papers on Roman 2-domination and its variants have been published. In this paper, we survey published results on Roman 2-domination as well as the main findings on Roman 2-domination variants found in the literature. A list of open problems related to this notion and its variants are also given.
Almulhim et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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