Revision Activities of the Governors-General of the Yakut Region in the Mid-19th - Early 20th Centuries

В статье на примере ревизий Якутской области показаны функции надзора в деятельности восточносибирских (иркутских) генерал-губернаторов. Автором использованы антропологический подход и сравнительно-исторический метод, согласно которым обозрения генерал-губернаторов рассматриваются как часть их управленческой деятельности. Источники выявлены в фондах Национального архива РС(Я) и Государственного архива Иркутской области. Показана подготовка и особенности проведения обозрения Якутской области, охарактеризован основной круг вопросов, на которые обращали внимание генерал-губернаторы. Изучение подведомственной территории помогало генерал-губернаторам решать текущие задачи управления краем, планировать преобразования и намечать перспективы его дальнейшего развития. Эффективность проводимых обозрений зависела от ряда факторов, среди которых следует отметить отсутствие удобных путей сообщения в области, личные качества чиновников, бюрократическую волокиту. The article is devoted to the analysis of the main directions and effectiveness of the revision activities of Governors-General based on published and archival documents. The subject of the research is the Yakut region, which was a part of the East Siberian Governor-Generalship (later the Irkutsk Governor-Generalship). The source base includes document management materials: reports to the Governor-General, messages and results of the regional institutions revision, correspondence between departments, and petitions submitted by the population. Inspections of the subordinate territory were one of the most important functions of Governors-General. The difficulty in accessing the territory of the Yakut region contributed to the fact that its revisions took place mainly in summer and required more time. Providing reception and accompaniment for the Governor-General imposed many obligations on the receiving party and required additional preparation, thus the timing of an intended trip became known in advance. During the revisions, the authorities communicated with the society. In addition to communicating with the regional administration officials, the Governors-General actively considered petitions and complaints from the local population and checked the fairness of the conclusions made. The effectiveness of the Governor-General's revisions of the Yakut region was influenced by various factors: the lack of convenient routes of communication within the region, the personal qualities of officials, and bureaucratic red tape. The expansion of the administrative independence of the Yakut region by introducing the post of Governor was the main result of the revision of Governor-General N.N. Muravyov. He set the task of development in the agriculture field for the Yakut Governor. This led to the spread of arable farming, which became one of the important activities for subsequent officials. The revisions helped to actualize the problem of inconsistency between the practice of public management of peasants and the legislation and justify the need for its transformation. During their visits, the Governors-General assessed the activities of the Governors and local administration, which subsequently affected the staffing of the territory. Some of the results of the Governors-General reviews were reflected in annual reports to the Emperor. The inspection results confirmed the validity of the management decisions and formed the basis for the proposed transformations.