Well-being employment in modern Russia: what is that?

The aim of the study was to get an answer to the question of how different types of employment are related to Russians’ job satisfaction. Based on the data of the Higher School of Economics for 2022, it is shown that such a relationship can be traced quite clearly but has its own specifics in different professional groups. At the same time, the standard full-time official employment, which is objectively the most prosperous type of employment and is most widespread among Russians, providing the greatest guarantees of respect for labor rights, including a certain length of the working week, subjectively is not such for representatives of most professional groups. Subjectively, it is primarily various types of employment with a non-wage nature of work. Of all types of hired employment, the highest job satisfaction ratings are found among the most qualified part of Russian workers (managers, professionals and semi–professionals) who have permanent informal employment, and among persons of physical or routine non-physical work – those who have incomplete or standard official employment. Overemployment, even with its official nature, is usually forced, accompanied by reduced hourly wage rates for the corresponding professional group and reduces job satisfaction. As for informal employment, primarily permanent, if for managers and professionals it is a voluntary choice accompanied by high job satisfaction, for workers and ordinary workers in sales and consumer services it has a forced character and entails dissatisfaction with their work.