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The study analyzes a G+4 residential building subjected to seismic loads, comparing vertical base shears, material strengths, and foundation design requirements. The results reveal that RCC structures generate significantly higher vertical base shears due to their heavier loads, necessitating larger foundation areas, especially at critical points, and leading to increased construction costs. In contrast, Steel structures, with lower base shears, require smaller foundation areas, reducing both material use and environmental impact. The findings emphasize that Steel structures offer superior seismic performance, cost efficiency, and sustainability by minimizing foundation requirements and associated environmental burdens. This research highlights the importance of material choice in achieving resilient and sustainable construction, particularly in seismic zones, where Steel structures provide a more efficient and environmentally friendly solution compared to RCC structures.
Mahamud et al. (Sun,) studied this question.