Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050

Key Points

• To evaluate the global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance from 1990 through 2021 and forecast its impact on global health through 2050.
• Conducted a systematic global burden assessment of bacterial antimicrobial resistance spanning 1990 to 2021.
• Applied statistical forecasting models to project future mortality and disease burden attributable to drug-resistant bacterial pathogens through 2050.
• Quantified multi-decade historical trajectories and mortality burdens associated with major resistant bacterial pathogens globally from 1990 to 2021.
• Projected substantial increases in global deaths attributable to and associated with bacterial antimicrobial resistance by 2050.